Zeta Potential Analyzer
Understand surface charge measurement in colloidal systems. Evaluate stability of nanoparticles and suspensions.
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
Understand nanoparticle size measurement via Brownian motion- particle size distribution and polydispersity index.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Understand crystal structure analysis using diffraction principles- diffraction patterns for phase identification.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
Understand quantum tunneling principles for atomic-level imaging. Analyze conductive surface structures at atomic resolution.
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Understand nanoscale surface characterization using probe-based techniques- surface roughness, morphology, & mechanical