Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
Understand nanoparticle size measurement via Brownian motion- particle size distribution and polydispersity index.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
Understand crystal structure analysis using diffraction principles- diffraction patterns for phase identification.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Understand nuclear spin behavior in magnetic fields-chemical shifts and splitting patterns for structure elucidation.
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Understand fluorescence emission mechanisms. Quantify biomolecules using fluorescence intensity measurements.
Confocal Microscopy
Understand optical sectioning and 3D image reconstruction-Fuorescence-based cellular imaging